Visualizing Data

# Visualizing Data

## Dr. Mine Dogucu

]

---

## Reminder

- Close all apps on your computer other than zoom.  
- Open slides for this session from the cluster website (https://uci-dshs.netlify.app/).

---

## Preparation

1. Please load the data named 'babies' from package named 'openintro'

2. Please install package named 'ggplot2' that used for visualization

3. Also, please load tidyverse in order to refresh data wrangling

---

load data

``` r
#install.packages('openintro')
library(openintro)
data("babies")
```

install ggplot2

``` r
#install.packages('ggplot2')
library(ggplot2)
```

load tidyverse

``` r
library(tidyverse)
```

---

## Data

``` r
glimpse(babies)
```

```
## Rows: 1,236
## Columns: 8
## $ case <int> 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 1…
## $ bwt <int> 120, 113, 128, 123, 108, 136, 138, 132, 120, 143, 140, 144, …
## $ gestation <int> 284, 282, 279, NA, 282, 286, 244, 245, 289, 299, 351, 282, 2…
## $ parity <lgl> FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALS…
## $ age <int> 27, 33, 28, 36, 23, 25, 33, 23, 25, 30, 27, 32, 23, 36, 30, …
## $ height <int> 62, 64, 64, 69, 67, 62, 62, 65, 62, 66, 68, 64, 63, 61, 63, …
## $ weight <int> 100, 135, 115, 190, 125, 93, 178, 140, 125, 136, 120, 124, 1…
## $ smoke <lgl> FALSE, FALSE, TRUE, FALSE, TRUE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE,…
```

---

__gg__plot is based on __g__rammar of __g__raphics.

![](img/grammar_graphics.jpeg)

---

class:inverse middle

---

If you had the data and had to draw this bar plot by hand, what would you do?

]

![](Lab-04a-visualize-data_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-7-1.png)
]

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- Consider the data frame
- Count number of babies for each type of mothers' `smoke` status
- Put `smoke` on x-axis.
- Put `count` on y-axis.
- Draw the bars.
]

![](Lab-04a-visualize-data_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-8-1.png)
]

---

- Consider the data frame
- ~~Count number of babies for each type of mothers' `smoke` status~~
- Put `smoke` on x-axis.
- ~~Put `count` on y-axis.~~
- Draw the bars.

R will do some of these steps by default. Making a bar plot with another tool might look slightly different.

]

---

**3 steps of making a basic ggplot**

1.Pick data

2.Map data onto aesthetics

3.Add the geometric layer

---
class: middle

### Step 1 - Pick Data

``` r
ggplot(data = babies)
```
]

]

---

### Step 2 - Map Data to Aesthetics

``` r
ggplot(data = babies,
*      aes(x = smoke))
```
]

![](Lab-04a-visualize-data_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-13-1.png)

]

---

### Step 3 - Add the Geometric Layer

``` r
ggplot(data = babies,
       aes(x = smoke)) +
* geom_bar()
```
]

![](Lab-04a-visualize-data_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-15-1.png)
]
---

.panel[
.panel-name[Plot]
<img src="Lab-04a-visualize-data_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-16-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />

]

- Create a ggplot using the `babies` data frame.
- Map the `smoke` to the x-axis. 
- Add a layer of a bar plot.

]

``` r
ggplot(data = babies,
       aes(x = smoke)) +
  geom_bar()
```

]

]
---

class:inverse middle

---

```
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
```

]

- Create a ggplot using the `babies` data frame.
- Map the `bwt` to the x-axis. 
- Add a layer of a histogram.

]

``` r
ggplot(data = babies,
       aes(x = bwt)) +
  geom_histogram() 
```

]

---
class: middle

### Step 1 - Pick Data

``` r
ggplot(data = babies)
```
]

![](Lab-04a-visualize-data_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-21-1.png)

]

---

### Step 2 - Map Data to Aesthetics

``` r
ggplot(data = babies,
*      aes(x = bwt))
```
]

![](Lab-04a-visualize-data_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-23-1.png)

]

---

### Step 3 - Add the Geometric Layer

``` r
ggplot(data = babies,
       aes(x = bwt)) +
* geom_histogram()
```
]

```
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
```

![](Lab-04a-visualize-data_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-25-1.png)
]

---

## What is this warning?

```
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
```

---

``` r
ggplot(data = babies,
       aes(x = bwt)) +
* geom_histogram(binwidth = 15)
```

---

]

]

]

---

Pick your favorite color(s) from the list at:

[bit.ly/colors-r](https://bit.ly/colors-r)

---

``` r
ggplot(data = babies,
       aes(x = bwt)) +
  geom_histogram(binwidth = 15, 
*                color = "white")
```

---

``` r
ggplot(data = babies,
       aes(x = bwt)) +
  geom_histogram(binwidth = 15, 
*                fill = "darkred")
```

---

``` r
ggplot(data = babies,
       aes(x = bwt)) +
  geom_histogram(binwidth = 15, 
*                color = "white",
*                fill = "darkred")
```

---

---

## Stacked Bar-Plot

``` r
ggplot(data = babies,
       aes(x = smoke, 
*          fill = parity)) +
  geom_bar() 
```
]

![](Lab-04a-visualize-data_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-34-1.png)
]

---

## Standardized Bar Plot

``` r
ggplot(data = babies,
       aes(x = smoke, 
           fill = parity)) + 
* geom_bar(position = "fill")
```
]

![](Lab-04a-visualize-data_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-36-1.png)
]

---

## Dodged Bar Plot

``` r
ggplot(data = babies,
       aes(x = smoke, 
           fill = parity)) + 
* geom_bar(position = "dodge")
```
]

![](Lab-04a-visualize-data_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-38-1.png)
]

---
class: middle inverse

---

.panel[
.panel-name[Plot]
<img src="Lab-04a-visualize-data_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-39-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />

]

- Create a ggplot using the `babies` data frame.
- Map the `smoke` to the x-axis and `bwt` to the y-axis. 
- Add a layer of a boxplot plot.

]

``` r
ggplot(babies,
       aes(x = smoke,
           y = bwt))  +
  geom_boxplot()
```

]

---

]

---
class: inverse middle

---

``` r
ggplot(babies,
       aes(x = gestation,
           y = bwt))  +
  geom_point()
```

]

```
## Warning: Removed 13 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
```

![](Lab-04a-visualize-data_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-44-1.png)

]

---

---

``` r
ggplot(babies,
       aes(x = gestation,
           y = bwt,
           color = smoke)) +
  geom_point()
```

]

```
## Warning: Removed 13 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
```

![](Lab-04a-visualize-data_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-46-1.png)

]

---
  .left-panel[
    
    ``` r
    ggplot(babies,
           aes(x = gestation,
               y = bwt,
               shape = smoke)) +
      geom_point()
    ```
    
  ]

.right-panel[
 
 ```
 ## Warning: Removed 23 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
 ## (`geom_point()`).
 ```
 
 ![](Lab-04a-visualize-data_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-48-1.png)
 
]
---
 
 
 
 .left-panel[
 
 ``` r
 ggplot(babies,
 aes(x = gestation,
 y = bwt,
 shape = smoke)) +
 geom_point()
 ```
 
 ]

---
  
  .left-panel[
    
    ``` r
    ggplot(babies,
           aes(x = gestation,
               y = bwt,
               shape = smoke,
               color = smoke)) +
      geom_point()
    ```
    
  ]

---
  
  .left-panel[

``` r
    ggplot(babies,
           aes(x = gestation,
               y = bwt,
               shape = smoke,
               color = smoke,
               size = weight)) +
      geom_point()
```
    
  ]

```
## Warning: Removed 58 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
```

![](Lab-04a-visualize-data_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-54-1.png)
]

---